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Coal, one of the most important primary fossil fuels, a solid carbon-rich material that is usually brown or black and most often occurs in stratified sedimentary deposits.
Coal is defined as having more than 50 percent by weight (or 70 percent by volume) carbonaceous matter produced by the compaction and hardening of altered plant remains—namely, peat deposits. Different varieties of coal arise because of differences in the kinds of plant material (coal type), degree of coalification (coal rank), and range of impurities (coal grade). Although most coals occur in stratified sedimentary deposits, the deposits may later be subjected to elevated temperatures and pressures caused by igneous intrusions or deformation during orogenesis (i.e., processes of mountain building), resulting in the development of anthracite and even graphite.
Coal is primarily used as a fuel. While coal has been known and used for thousands of years, its usage was limited until the Industrial Revolution. With the invention of the steam engine, coal consumption increased. In 2020 coal supplied about a quarter of the world’s primary energy and over a third of its electricity.[5] Some iron and steel making and other industrial processes burn coal.
Coal takes millions of years to form
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock with a high amount of carbon and hydrocarbons. Coal is classified as a nonrenewable energy source because it takes millions of years to form. Coal contains the energy stored by plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago in swampy forests.
Layers of dirt and rock covered the plants over millions of years. The resulting pressure and heat turned the plants into the substance we call Refined coal is the product of a coal-upgrading technology that removes moisture and certain pollutants from lower-rank coals such as sub-bituminous and lignite (brown) coals. It is one form of several pre-combustion treatments and processes for coal that alter coal’s characteristics before it is burned. Thermal efficiency improvements are achievable by improved pre-drying (especially relevant with high-moisture fuel such as lignite or biomass).[96] The goals of pre-combustion coal technologies are to increase efficiency and reduce emissions when the coal is burned. Pre-combustion technology can sometimes be used as a supplement to post-combustion technologies to control emissions from coal-fueled boilers.
Thermal Coal, Coking Coke , Metallurgical Coal
We At Panama Corporation trade all types of coal and different forms of coal from Australia, South Africa, Indonesia, and other major coal supplying countries worldwide. We trade 3 million tonnes of coal and have slots from major mining companies and trading partners.
The qualities of coal we offer are mentioned below in the specification sheet.
We offer coal from all the major countries. For those that are interested should submit a request, and we will include the specification guarantee that you desire on the agreement delivery sheet.
Specifications:
| PARAMETER | TYPE-1Kcal/kg. | TYPE-2Kcal/kg | TYPE-3Kcal/kg | TYPE-4Kcal/kg | TYPE-5Kcal/kg | TYPE-6Kcal/kg | TYPE-7Kcal/kg |
| Total Moisture(ADB) | 9-12% | 12-15% | 15-20% | 22-28% | 32-38% | 38-44% | 40-45% |
| Inherent Moisture(ADB) | 7-9% | 8-10% | 10-12% | 12-15% | 15-18% | 18-21% | |
| Ash Content(ADB) | 8-15% | 12-17% | 12-17% | 10-14% | 8-12% | 8-12% | |
| Volatile Matter (ADB) | 38-43% | 38-43% | 37-42% | 36-40% | 36-40% | 36-40% | |
| Fixed Carbon (ADB) | 43-48% | 42-45% | 40-43% | 38-42% | 37-40% | 35-39% | |
| Total Sulfur(ADB) | 1.00% | 0.8-1.0% | 0.8-1.0% | 0.6-1.0% | 0.5-1.0% | 0.4-1.0% | |
| Hydrogen (Hd)(Dry Basis) | 4.90% | 4.90% | 4.90% | 4.90% | 4.90% | 4.90% | |
| HGI (Hard grove Index) | 38-43 | 38-43 | 39-45 | 45-50 | 48-52 | 50-55 | |
| Ash Fusion Temperature IDT(Reducing Atmosphere) | 1250℃ | 1250℃ | 1250℃ | 1250℃ | 1250℃ | 1250℃ | |
| Size | 0-50mm95% | 0-50mm95% | 0-50mm95% | 0-50mm95% | 0-50mm95% | 0-50mm95% | 0-300mm |
Purchase Terms:
OPTION A
The BUYER shall open a 90% At Sight Documentary Letter of Credit for each monthly shipment to be established from World Prime Bank in favor of the SELLER covering the relevant shipment quantity with the tolerance of ±10%.
A single After Sight LC with tenure of 30 Days Credit for 000,000 MT (+/-10%) to be opened upon signing of contract in favor of SELLER.
Letter of Credit may either be “Transferrable OR Non Transferrable”
OPTION B
The BUYER shall open a STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT for each monthly shipment to be established from World Prime Bank in favor of the SELLER covering the relevant shipment quantity with the tolerance of ±10% for an amount of 100% of the Site value of the Cargo.
The discount for this options is for this option is USD$25 /mt.
Performance Guarantee: The Buyer provides a US$ 600,000/- Performance deposit to the Seller’s bank account.
Procedures:
- ICPO with full banking address to Panama Imports & Exports
- Provision of Draft Contract to buyers
- Security deposit of $600,000
- Signed contract executed
- Provision of Past Documents if required to be submitted by the buyer
- Letter of Credit to open
- Seller to provide the stock report
- Shipment to commence
- 1. Buyer issues valid ICPO/LOI to the End Seller via Panama Imports and Exports, together with:
- Signed NCNDA.
- Company profile/website for Seller’s due diligence.
- Copy of passport of ICPO/LOI signatory.
2. Seller issues draft contract by email to the Buyer, who may make any necessary minor amendments but no deletions, and then return the signed contract to the Seller.
3. Once any contract amendments have been agreed by both Seller and Buyer, the Seller signs the final contract and emails a copy to the Buyer. The Buyer must sign and return the final contract to the Seller within 48 hours. On the same day, the BUYER DEPOSITS US$ 600,000/- security deposit to the Seller bank account.
4. Within five (5) bank working days after signing the final contract, the Buyer’s bank will issue the DLC/SBLC to the Seller’s bank for approval.
5. Within 5 bank working days after approval of the DLC/SBLC, the Seller issues the Performance Bond for CIF terms.
6. Shipment commences.
3. Once any contract amendments have been agreed by both Seller and Buyer, the Seller signs the final contract and emails a copy to the Buyer. The Buyer must sign and return the final contract to the Seller within 48 hours. On the same day, the BUYER DEPOSITS US$ 600,000/- security deposit to the Seller bank account.
4. Within five (5) bank working days after signing the final contract, the Buyer’s bank will issue the DLC/SBLC to the Seller’s bank for approval.
5. Within 5 bank working days after approval of the DLC/SBLC, the Seller issues the Performance Bond for CIF terms.
6. Shipment commences.
Acceptable Buyer Profile:
- Will be the contract signatory.
- Holds the Import License.
- Will issue the DLC/SBLC/TT.